Pulmonary edema is caused by the buildup of too much fluid in the lungs. It can be a serious and life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. MercyOne cardiologist explains the causes behind pulmonary edema and how you can prevent it.
Causes of pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is often caused by underlying conditions. Heart conditions, like congestive heart failure, are the leading cause, but not the only one.
High altitudes
Healthy people normally living at low altitude who travel to altitudes above 8,200 ft are susceptible to pulmonary edema. The reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes can cause blood vessels in the lungs to constrict, leading to increased pressure. Consequently, fluid may leak from the blood vessels into the lung tissues and eventually accumulate in the air sacs.
Stress
Severe negative emotional stress, especially in older women, can trigger acute heart failure, commonly referred to as broken heart syndrome.
Lung cancer
Severe lung infections can lead to pulmonary edema because of lung tissue damage.
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Aspiration of gastric fluids, caused by vomiting
- Blood transfusions antibodies
- Inhalation of hot or toxic gas
- Pulmonary contusions, often caused by accidents
Symptoms of pulmonary edema
Recognizing the symptoms of pulmonary edema is important for seeking prompt medical assistance. Symptoms include:
- Chest tightness.
- Cough that may produce blood.
- Feeling of drowning or suffocation.
- Shortness of breath.
- Rapid heartbeat.
Preventing pulmonary edema
Preventing pulmonary edema involves managing heart or lung conditions effectively. For individuals with heart failure, it is advisable to limit salt and fluid intake, monitor weight daily, and promptly contact health care providers if a weight gain of more than five pounds occurs.
