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Endoscopy and Colonoscopy

What is an endoscopy?

An endoscopy is the general term for a procedure that examines the inside of your body using an endoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera at the end). While in your body, the scope captures images or videos of your organs so your provider can examine them. Some endoscopes allow providers to remove tissue or perform surgery during the endoscopy.

Here are some of the things an endoscopy can discover:

  • Digestive system conditions:
    • Ulcers
    • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
    • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
    • Celiac disease
    • Colon polyps or cancer
  • Other conditions:
    • Swallowing disorders
    • Laryngitis
    • Arthritis
    • Brain tumors
    • Lung disease
    • Urinary tract infections
    • Kidney stones
    • Reproductive system issues

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is the most common endoscopic procedure used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

The procedure is done using a long, flexible tube (a colonoscope) that has a light and tiny camera on one end. It's inserted into your rectum and moved into your colon. A colonoscopy helps your doctor investigate possible causes of:

  • abdominal pain
  • rectal bleeding
  • chronic constipation
  • chronic diarrhea
  • other intestinal problems

Most importantly, colonoscopies are performed as a screening tool for early detection of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common cancer in the US and is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death. It is estimated that 60% of those deaths could have been prevented with a screening. The American Cancer Society recommends regular screening at least by the age of 45.

Finding and treating colorectal cancer early is the best way to prevent the cancer from spreading.

Other Common Endoscopic Procedures

  • Upper GI Endoscopy: Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Used to diagnose GERD, ulcers, and stomach cancer.
  • Bronchoscopy: Examines the airways. Used to diagnose lung cancer, pneumonia, and other respiratory conditions.
  • Cystoscopy: Examines the bladder and urethra. Used to diagnose bladder infections, kidney stones, and prostate problems.
  • Laparoscopy: Examines the abdominal cavity. Used to diagnose and treat endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and appendicitis.
  • Arthroscopy: Examines joints. Used to diagnose and treat arthritis, torn ligaments, and cartilage damage.
  • Capsule Endoscopy: Examines the small intestine. Used to diagnose Crohn's disease and celiac disease.
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